Over the weekend at the European Society for Medical Oncology’s annual meeting in Barcelona, cancer researchers unveiled results from scores of important clinical trials.

You can read full stories from us on iTeos Therapeutics’ much-anticipated TIGIT drug data and Bristol Myers Squibb’s 10-year data from Opdivo and Yervoy. Other notable trial readouts we’ve summarized in brief here:

People with cancer can sometimes experience a serious metabolic condition called cachexia, which leads to weight loss and can blunt the effectiveness of treatment. There are currently no treatments. Clinical trial results presented Saturday at ESMO and published in The New England Journal of Medicine, though, suggest Pfizer may have discovered one. The company's drug, ponsegromab, helped people with cancer cachexia regain weight and improved appetite, symptoms and physical activity, the data show. Moreover, Pfizer believes the results confirm that ponsegromab's target, a protein called GDF-15, is an important driver of cachexia. — Ned Pagliarulo

Johnson & Johnson has high expectations for TAR-200, a medical device that releases chemotherapy into the bladder. At ESMO on Monday, the company reported Phase 2 results showing the therapy helped shrink or eliminate tumors prior to surgery in people with “muscle-invasive” bladder cancer. According to the company, 42% of those who received TAR-200 and an experimental J&J immunotherapy called cetrelimab had no evidence of cancer on a tumor scan, compared to 23% of those who got only cetrelimab. The overall response rate for the combination was 60%, versus 36% for cetrelimab monotherapy. TAR-200 is in late-stage testing for the non-muscle invasive form of the disease as well. — Jonathan Gardner

ESMO follows one week after Summit Therapeutics presented Phase 3 trial data that showed, for the first time, a drug beating Keytruda head-to-head in first-line lung cancer. Not surprisingly, the finding has shone a spotlight on drugs that work like Summit's, which binds to both the PD1 target of Keytruda and another well-known cancer-related protein called VEGF. BioNTech has one and, at ESMO, presented three early datasets. Separately, Instil Bio shared development plans for its similar drug. Daina Graybosch, an analyst at Leerink Partners, wrote in a client that note that she expects "growing awareness of the scope of the opportunity" will be balanced out by "the realization that the scientific debate is complex, and development path will be long." — Ned Pagliarulo

Researchers on Sunday revealed multiple study results illuminating the long-term impact cancer immunotherapies have had on the survival of people with melanoma. One of those studies found that advanced melanoma patients who received Merck & Co’s Keytruda had a 29% reduced risk of death compared to those treated with Bristol Myers Squibb’s Yervoy. People who got Keytruda lived a median of 33 months, compared with 16 months for those on Yervoy. After 10 years of follow-up, 34% of Keytruda recipients were still alive, compared with 24% of people who got Yervoy. — Jonathan Gardner

Relay Therapeutics has company in its quest to build a better PI3Ka inhibitor, a type of cancer drug that's been limited by its toxicity. On Sunday, privately held Scorpion Therapeutics unveiled initial data for its experimental drug, STX-478, in people with solid tumors and PI3Ka mutations. As a monotherapy, Scorpion's drug led to tumor responses in 23% of breast cancer patients and 21% overall across tumor types. Notably, no patients discontinued the study due to treatment-related side effects, which were mostly mild or moderate in nature. — Ned Pagliarulo